一,The regulation mechanism of spectrum on the manifestation of fish body color
1. The way pigment cells respond to light
The pigment cells in the dermis, like melanocytes, red pigment cells, and yellow pigment cells, and the guanine crystals in the epidermis decide what color the fish's body is. Red pigment cells (which have carotenoids) and yellow pigment cells (which have sphenoids) are very sensitive to spectra. Research has demonstrated that exposure to 660nm red light can increase the red pigment cell area of red dragon fish scales by 30% and enhance body color saturation by 45%. Conversely, in a white light setting, the contraction of pigment cells results in a loss of body color.
2. The influence of key bands on color rendering
Red light (620–750 nm): It can easily go through water, it can excite cone cells in the retina of fish, and it can help the body make red pigment cells in the dermis. For example, in an environment where red light makes up more than 60% of the light, the redness value (a *) of parrot fish can reach +25, which is 60% greater than in natural light conditions.
Blue light (450–495 nm): It doesn't have a strong direct influence on body color, but it can make fish scales reflect more light. For instance, when fluorescent fish are exposed to blue light, the fluorescence intensity on their surface increases by 2 to 3 times, which gives them a unique look.
Full spectrum (400–700nm): mimics natural light and can keep fish's biological clocks stable. Studies indicate that under full spectrum illumination, the eating activity of tropical fish rises by 25% relative to monochromatic light conditions, and the metabolic rate escalates by 15%.
3. The effect of light intensity on the threshold
There is a limit to how bright the light can be for fish to change color. For instance, the golden dragon fish's body color becomes dull when the light intensity is less than 2000 lux. Between 3000 and 5000 lux, the body color gets darker as the light intensity rises. But when the light intensity goes above 8000 lux, pigment cells shrink because of photooxidative damage, which makes the color fade.
二,The influence of spectra on chlorophyll synthesis in aquatic plants
1. The way photosynthetic pigments absorb light
Chlorophyll a/b in Full Spectrum LED Aquatic Plants absorbs red light (660nm) and blue light (430nm) the best, with quantum yields of 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. In an environment with white light, aquatic plants' photosynthetic rate goes up by 40% and their chlorophyll content goes up by 25%. This is because the red blue light ratio is 3:1.
2. Morphological control of important bands
Red light (620–750 nm): helps flowers bloom and stems and leaves grow. When red light makes up 70% of the light, the stem node length of Crown Grass grows by 30% and the leaf area grows by 20%.
Blue light (450–495 nm): stops elongation and makes leaves thicker. When exposed to blue light, the leaves of aquatic plants became 15% thicker than when they were exposed to red light, and the number of chloroplasts increased by 25%.
Green light (500–570nm): It can easily go through dirty water. Green light may go twice as deep as red light in water that is 100 NTU murky. Adding green light to murky water can boost the photosynthetic efficiency of aquatic plants by 15–20%.
3. The combined influence of light intensity and photoperiod
For aquatic plants to flourish, the photoperiod (6–10 hours/day) and light intensity (50–100 μ mol/m²/s) need to be controlled together. For instance, micro dwarf pearls' tillering rate went up by 30% when they were in a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle compared to when they were in a constant light environment. When the light intensity is less than 30 μ mol/m ²/s, their growth stops and they become yellow.
三,The competitive inhibitory mechanism of spectra on algal reproduction
1. Algae and watery plants compete for light
Algae and aquatic plants contain the same set of pigments that help them photosynthesize, although algae are better at adapting to light. Experiments have demonstrated that at a light intensity of 3000 lux, the photosynthetic rate of green algae is 1.8 times greater than that of aquatic plants. However, at light intensities exceeding 6000 lux, aquatic plants gain a competitive edge by increasing the number of chloroplasts, leading to a 40% reduction in algal biomass.
2. The influence of key bands on suppression
Red light (620–750 nm) stops green algae spores from growing. In an atmosphere with more than 50% red light, the rate of germination of green algal spores drops by 60%, and the rate of biomass buildup drops by 35%.
Blue light (450–495 nm): breaks down the membranes of algal cells. When blue light hits algal cells, their membranes become more permeable, which causes intracellular chemicals to leak out and the death rate to rise by 25%.
Ultraviolet light (280–400 nm) causes algae to destroy their DNA. Experimental evidence indicates that UVA (320-400nm) irradiation can diminish the activity of photosynthetic system II in algae by 50%. However, it is important to remember that excessive UV light might harm the chloroplasts of aquatic plants.
3. The ecological balancing technique of spectral regulation
Dynamic spectrum management can help maintain the ecological balance between algae and aquatic plants. For instance, "blue light pulse irradiation" (450nm, 10000lux, 5 minutes/hour) can quickly stop algae from reproducing in the early stages of algal blooms. During the vigorous growth period of aquatic plants, switching to "red blue light synergistic lighting" (660nm: 450nm=3:1) can give aquatic plants a competitive edge.
四,Practical uses of spectral optimization plans
1. Plan for making fish colors look better
For Red Dragonfish and Parrotfish, use a 660nm red LED at 60%. +450nm blue LED (30%) + full spectrum white light (10%), with a light intensity range of 5000–6000lux and 10 hours of light each day.
Fluorescent fish: The main light source is 450nm blue light (70%), with a little bit of 660nm red light (20%) and 520nm green light (10%). The light is 3000–4000lux and is on for 8 hours a day.
2. Plan for improving the growth of aquatic plants
Positive grass (like Newton grass and red butterfly) needs 660nm red light (50%), 450nm blue light (30%), and 630nm far red light (20%). The light intensity should be 80-100 μ mol/m ²/s, and the grass should have 10 hours of light each day.
Negative grass (like Iron Crown and Moss) is mostly made up of full-spectrum white light (70%), with a little bit of 660nm red light (20%) and 450nm blue light (10%). It has a light intensity of 30–50 μ mol/m ²/s and gets 8 hours of light each day.
3. Plan for the best way to control algae
For the prevention stage, use "red blue light synergistic lighting" (660nm: 450nm=3:1) with a light intensity of 4000-5000lux for 8 hours a day.
Governance stage: For 3 to 5 days, use "blue light pulse irradiation" (450nm, 10000lux, 5 minutes/hour) along with "high-intensity red light irradiation" (660nm, 8000lux, continuous 2 hours/day).
